According to the Cambridge dictionary, hope refers to “the feeling that something desired can be had or will happen” What then, is the distinction between hope and optimism? According to Bruininks and Malle’s study (2006), hope involves a decreased degree of control, where outcomes can be more crucial but have a lower likelihood of success. In contrast, optimism involves a high degree of control, with more achievable outcomes. However, some researchers view hope as being acti