Token Economy

A positive reinforcement strategy to build and maintain appropriate behaviour in children. In a token economy, if a child acts or behaves in an appropriate manner, they will be able to trade their tokens for a reward or privilege. This can be done in both at home and in a classroom.

Overview

In a token economy, points or physical tokens such as stickers are distributed after a child performs an appropriate behaviour. These points/tokens can be accumulated throughout the day and exchanged for rewards at a chosen time.

A goal is determined for the number of points/tokens required to earn a reward. The parent or teacher is responsible for distributing the points/tokens and exchanging it for rewards.

Step 1: Select a few (2-4) target behaviour to change

Ensure that the behavior is defineable and observable.
Vague target behaviours make it difficult for observation and can be confusing for children
Focus on increasing desired behaviours - what a child should do instead of what they should not do.

Step 2: Develop a method for keeping track of points/tokens

For younger children (4-7 years old), using physical tokens such as stickers, stars or stamps instead of points is recommended.
For older children, points can be written on a card on their desk or recorded down in a journal.

Step 3: Identify meaningful rewards

The reward has to be perceived as desirable by the child
Parents/teachers can create a list of possible rewards and get children to rate the level of desirability
Activities done during children's free time offers strong hints on what is perceived as desirable